Writing

Connecting Ideas in a Paragraph

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Connecting Ideas in a Paragraph
When reading a paragraph, the reader needs to know, not only what each sentence means, but how each sentence relates to the other sentences in the paragraph.

Connective words or phrases help the reader move smoothly from one sentence to the next. Connectives also link ideas.
The roads were wet and slippery. Therefore, Natalie drove slowly.

The connective word "therefore" links the idea that the roads were slippery to the idea that Natalie drove slowly. The word "therefore" shows that the slow driving was a result of the road conditions.
Connecting Ideas in a Paragraph
Click on the paragraph in which the ideas are most clearly connected.
Sample Question
In this paragraph, there are no connectives. Therefore, it is difficult to tell whether waxing the skis had anything to do with winning the race or moving to first place in the standings. Try again.
In this paragraph, the phrase "as a result" and the word "thus" are connectives. These connectives help the reader understand the relationship between the events.
Look for connecting words that link the ideas found in the individual sentences.
Connecting Ideas in a Paragraph
Click on the paragraph in which the ideas are most clearly connected.
Sample Question
In this paragraph, there are no connectives. Therefore, it is difficult to tell who triggered the alarm and why the police were able to catch the thief. Try again.
In this paragraph, the connectives "consequently," "as a result," and "therefore" help the reader understand the relationship between the events.
Look for connecting words that link the ideas found in the individual sentences.
Connecting Ideas in a Paragraph
Using Connectives to Link Ideas
These connectives add ideas:
and further in addition
also besides furthermore
too moreover  

These connectives link ideas according to time:
now then meanwhile afterward
soon later in the meantime finally
while next    

These connectives compare ideas:
likewise in the same way
similarly in a like manner
Connecting Ideas in a Paragraph
These connectives contrast ideas:
although conversely however but
whereas in contrast on the other hand yet
even so even though on the contrary  

These connectives show a result:
so therefore accordingly hence
thus as a result consequently  

These connectives express a purpose:
to this end because
for this purpose with this object
Connecting Ideas in a Paragraph
These connectives offer an illustration:
such as for instance
for example  

These connectives repeat or emphasize:
again in fact in other words that is
another in short on the whole to sum up

These connectives link objects or actions according to physical location:
here above adjacent to
beyond beside across from
Connecting Ideas in a Paragraph
In this lesson, you will work on exercises that have two parts. In the first part of each exercise, you will choose a connective to fill the first blank in a paragraph. In the second part, you will choose a connective for the second blank.

Let’s try a sample exercise first.
Connecting Ideas in a Paragraph
Click on the line that best completes the first blank.
Brett wanted to cook a special dinner for his guests. ________, he bought a new cookbook ________ spent the afternoon paging through its recipes.
Sample Question
"Similarly" is used to compare ideas. In this case, one action is the result of another. Try again.
"For example" is used to offer an illustration. In this case, one action is the result of another. Try again.
"Therefore" is used to show that one action is the result of another. Brett purchased a cookbook as a result of his desire to cook a special dinner.
"On the other hand" is used to contrast ideas. In this case, one action is the result of another. Try again.
Find the connective that helps the reader see that one idea or action is the result of another.
Connecting Ideas in a Paragraph
Click on the line that best completes the second blank.
Brett wanted to cook a special dinner for his guests. Therefore, he bought a new cookbook __________ spent the afternoon paging through its recipes.
Sample Question
"But" is used to contrast ideas. In this case, actions are being added together. Try again.
"Yet" is used to contrast ideas. In this case, actions are being added together. Try again.
"Soon" is used to link ideas according to time. In this case, actions are being added together. Try again.
"And" is used to add ideas or actions together. Brett did two things. One was purchasing a cookbook; the other was paging through its recipes.
Find a connective that helps the reader see that ideas or actions were added together.
Connecting Ideas in a Paragraph
This lesson has ten questions on choosing appropriate connectives. Each question has two parts.
Connecting Ideas in a Paragraph
Click on the line that best completes the first blank.
At first, my cousin Simon was not a very good dancer. ________, after Kim gave him a few lessons, Simon improved tremendously. ________ he is one of the best dancers I know.
Question 1 of 20
"However" is used to contrast ideas. The fact that Simon was once a poor dancer is contrasted with the fact that he is now a good dancer.
"In addition" is used to add ideas together. In this case, two ideas are contrasting. Try again.
"For example" is used to offer an illustration. In this case, two ideas are contrasting. Try again.
"Likewise" is used to compare ideas. In this case, two ideas are contrasting. Try again.
Find a connective that tells the reader that a difference or contrast will follow.
Connecting Ideas in a Paragraph
Click on the line that best completes the second blank.
At first, my cousin Simon was not a very good dancer. However, after Kim gave him a few lessons, Simon improved tremendously. ________ he is one of the best dancers I know.
Question 2 of 20
"On the other hand" is used to contrast ideas. In this case, ideas are linked according to time. Try again.
"Similarly" is used to compare ideas. In this case, ideas are linked according to time. Try again.
"Such as" is used to offer an illustration. In this case, ideas are linked according to time. Try again.
"Now" is used to link ideas according to time. The paragraph tells how Simon’s dancing ability improved over time.
Find a connective that links the statements according to time.
Connecting Ideas in a Paragraph
Click on the line that best completes the first blank.
During the 1930s, the first automatic pay-out pinball machine, the Rocket, debuted in America. When a player attained a certain score or hit a special target, he would receive an immediate cash payment from the machine. The Rocket offered the hope of easy money during a time when money was scarce, ________ its popularity. ________, however, the payout pinball machine became illegal.
Question 3 of 20
"On the whole" is used to repeat or emphasize an idea. In this case, one idea is the result of another. Try again.
"Hence" is used to show that one idea is the result of another. The machine was popular because it offered the prospect of easy money.
"Because" is used to express a purpose. In this case, one idea is the result of another. Try again.
"Even so" is used to contrast ideas. In this case, one idea is the result of another. Try again.
Find the connective that helps the reader see that one idea or action is the result of another.
Connecting Ideas in a Paragraph
Click on the line that best completes the second blank.
During the 1930s, the first automatic pay-out pinball machine, the Rocket, debuted in America. When a player attained a certain score or hit a special target, he would receive an immediate cash payment from the machine. The Rocket offered the hope of easy money during a time when money was scarce, hence its popularity. _________, however, the pay-out pinball machine became illegal.
Question 4 of 20
"That is" is used to repeat or emphasize an idea. In this case, ideas are linked according to time. Try again.
"In other words" is used to repeat or emphasize an idea. In this case, ideas are linked according to time. Try again.
"Later" is used to link ideas according to time. At one time, the Rocket pinball machine was popular. Later, it became illegal.
"In a like manner" is used to compare ideas. In this case, ideas are linked according to time. Try again.
Find a connective that links the statements according to time.
Connecting Ideas in a Paragraph
Click on the line that best completes the first blank.
Ronda had not been listening in math class, and she had neglected to do her math homework. ________, she did poorly on her math test. ________, she did really well on her chemistry exam because she had carefully studied chemistry all semester.
Question 5 of 20
"As a result" is used to show than one action is the result of another. Ronda’s poor grade on her math test was a result of her failure to study that subject.
"Whereas" is used to contrast ideas. In this case, one action is the result of another. Try again.
"However" is used to contrast ideas. In this case, one action is the result of another. Try again.
"Conversely" is used to contrast ideas. In this case, one action is the result of another. Try again.
Find the connective that helps the reader see that one idea or action is the result of another.
Connecting Ideas in a Paragraph
Click on the line that best completes the second blank.
Ronda had not been listening in math class, and she had neglected to do her math homework. As a result, she did poorly on her math test. ________, she did really well on her chemistry exam because she had carefully studied chemistry all semester.
Question 6 of 20
"On the other hand" is used to contrast ideas. The paragraph contrasts Ronda’s grades and study habits in math and chemistry.
"In addition" is used to add ideas together. In this case, ideas are being contrasted. Try again.
"For instance" is used to offer an illustration. In this case, ideas are being contrasted. Try again.
"For this purpose" is used to express a purpose. In this case, ideas are being contrasted. Try again.
Find a connective that tells the reader that a difference or contrast will follow.
Connecting Ideas in a Paragraph
Click on the line that best completes the first blank.
We walked into the cave slowly because we were afraid. Suddenly, we heard a shrill noise. I turned and ran toward daylight. ________, Jeremy ran. Then we realized that the noise was probably made by a bat. Our goal had been to explore the cave. ________, we decided to reenter the cave.
Question 7 of 20
"In contrast" is used to contrast ideas. In this case, similar actions are being compared. Try again.
"Likewise" is used to compare similar actions. The way the speaker ran for daylight is compared to the way Jeremy ran.
"For example" is used to offer an illustration. In this case, similar actions are being compared. Try again.
"Whereas" is used to contrast ideas. In this case, similar actions are being compared. Try again.
Find a connective that is used to compare similar ideas or actions.
Connecting Ideas in a Paragraph
Click on the line that best completes the second blank.
We walked into the cave slowly because we were afraid. Suddenly, we heard a shrill noise. I turned and ran toward daylight. Likewise, Jeremy ran. Then we realized that the noise was probably made by a bat. Our goal had been to explore the cave. ________, we decided to re-enter the cave.
Question 8 of 20
"Conversely" is used to contrast ideas. In this case, an action is related to a purpose. Try again.
"Whereas" is used to contrast ideas. In this case, an action is related to a purpose. Try again.
"However" is used to contrast ideas. In this case, an action is related to a purpose. Try again.
"To this end" is used to show that an action is related to a purpose. The purpose for going back into the cave was to explore it.
Find a connective that helps the reader see that the action was related to a goal or purpose.
Connecting Ideas in a Paragraph
Click on the line that best completes the first blank.
Courtney was baby-sitting her little brother, ________ she did not watch him carefully. ________, he got into the paint and spilled it all over the rug before she could stop him.
Question 9 of 20
"For instance" is used to offer an illustration. In this case, two ideas are contrasting. Try again.
"Moreover" is used to add ideas together. In this case, two ideas are contrasting. Try again.
"So" is used to show a result. In this case, two ideas are contrasting. Try again.
"But" is used to contrast ideas. There is a difference between what Courtney was doing and what she was supposed to be doing.
Find a connective that tells the reader that a difference or contrast will follow.
Connecting Ideas in a Paragraph
Click on the line that best completes the second blank.
Courtney was baby-sitting her little brother, but she did not watch him carefully. ________, he got into the paint and spilled it all over the rug before she could stop him.
Question 10 of 20
"Conversely" is used to contrast ideas. In this case, one action is the result of another. Try again.
"On the other hand" is used to contrast ideas. In this case, one action is the result of another. Try again.
"In contrast" is used to contrast ideas. In this case, one action is the result of another. Try again.
"Consequently" is used to show that one action is the result of another. Courtney’s brother got into the paint as a result of her lack of attention.
Find the connective that helps the reader see that one idea or action is the result of another.
Connecting Ideas in a Paragraph
Click on the line that best completes the first blank.
The Allston Tigers were having a streak of bad luck. Their coach had car trouble on the way to the game and didn’t arrive until the 4th inning. ________, their star pitcher injured his knee in the 6th inning and could not play the rest of the game. The first baseman tripped and broke his elbow as he raced to tag a runner in the 7th inning. ________, their chances of winning looked bleak.
Question 11 of 20
"In other words" is used to repeat or emphasize an idea. In this case, ideas are being added together. Try again.
"As a result" is used to show a result. In this case, ideas are being added together. Try again.
"Furthermore" is used to add ideas together. One example of bad luck (the coach’s car trouble) is added to another (the pitcher’s injury).
"For instance" is used to offer an illustration or example. In this case, ideas are being added together. Try again.
Find a connective that helps the reader see that ideas or actions were added together.
Connecting Ideas in a Paragraph
Click on the line that best completes the second blank.
The Allston Tigers were having a streak of bad luck. Their coach had car trouble on the way to the game and didn’t arrive until the 4th inning. Furthermore, their star pitcher injured his knee in the 6th inning and could not play the rest of the game. The first baseman tripped and broke his elbow as he raced to tag a runner in the 7th inning. ________, their chances of winning looked bleak.
Question 12 of 20
"Whereas" is used to contrast ideas. In this case, an idea is being repeated. Try again.
"In short" is used to emphasize or repeat an idea. The last sentence emphasizes the effect of the unlucky events.
"Conversely" is used to contrast ideas. In this case, an idea is being repeated. Try again.
"On the other hand" is used to contrast ideas. In this case, an idea is being repeated. Try again.
Find a connective that is used to emphasize or repeat an idea.
Connecting Ideas in a Paragraph
Click on the line that best completes the first blank.
________ many of his movies were big hits, not every film that Alfred Hitchcock directed turned to gold at the box office. ________, some of his movies were so unpopular that they lost money at the box office.
Question 13 of 20
"Meanwhile" is used to link ideas according to time. In this case, ideas are being contrasted. Try again.
"Next" is used to link ideas according to time. In this case, ideas are being contrasted. Try again.
"Although" is used to contrast ideas. There is a difference in the success of many of Hitchcock’s films.
"Similarly" is used to compare ideas. In this case, ideas are being contrasted. Try again.
Find a connective that tells the reader that a difference or contrast will follow.
Connecting Ideas in a Paragraph
Click on the line that best completes the second blank.
Although many of his movies were big hits, not every film that Alfred Hitchcock directed turned to gold at the box office. ________, some of his movies were so unpopular that they lost money at the box office.
Question 14 of 20
"In fact" is used to emphasize an idea. Some of Hitchcock’s films were financial failures. This point is emphasized.
"Although" is used to contrast ideas. In this case, an idea is being emphasized. Try again.
"As a result" is used to show that one idea is the result of another. In this case, an idea is being emphasized. Try again.
"For this purpose" is used to express a purpose. In this case, an idea is being emphasized. Try again.
Find a connective that is used to emphasize or repeat an idea.
Connecting Ideas in a Paragraph
Click on the line that best completes the first blank.
Mary and her brother Michael were very tired after their first week of work with the landscaping crew. They had worked 2 hours overtime every evening to finish planting more than 200 evergreens in the city park. ________, they had been working in extremely hot and humid weather. ________, they said they enjoyed their new jobs.
Question 15 of 20
"Nevertheless" is used to contrast ideas. In this case, ideas are being added together. Try again.
"However" is used to contrast ideas. In this case, ideas are being added together. Try again.
"Moreover" is used to add ideas together. The fact that they worked in hot and humid weather is added to the fact that they worked long hours.
"Therefore" is used to show a result. In this case, ideas are being added together. Try again.
Find a connective that helps the reader see that ideas or actions were added together.
Connecting Ideas in a Paragraph
Click on the line that best completes the second blank.
Mary and her brother Michael were very tired after their first week of work with the landscaping crew. They had worked 2 hours overtime every evening to finish planting more than 200 evergreens in the city park. Moreover, they had been working in extremely hot and humid weather. ________, they said they enjoyed their new jobs.
Question 16 of 20
"Hence" is used to show a result. In this case, ideas are being contrasted. Try again.
"Even so" is used to contrast ideas. The fact that the work was long and hard is contrasted with the fact that Mary and Michael liked their jobs.
"Similarly" is used to compare ideas. In this case, ideas are being contrasted. Try again.
"Consequently" is used to show a result. In this case, ideas are being contrasted. Try again.
Find a connective that tells the reader that a difference or contrast will follow.
Connecting Ideas in a Paragraph
Click on the line that best completes the first blank.
Billie and Dora spent the afternoon getting the house ready for Ann’s going-away party. ________ Billie hung streamers and balloons from the ceiling, Dora was making a farewell sign. ________, the guests started to arrive.
Question 17 of 20
"Furthermore" is used to add ideas together. In this case, ideas are linked according to time. Try again.
"Nevertheless" is used to contrast ideas. In this case, ideas are linked according to time. Try again.
"Nearby" is used to link objects or actions according to physical location. In this case, ideas are linked according to time. Try again.
"While" is used to link ideas according to time. The streamers and balloons were being prepared at the same time the farewell sign was being made.
Find a connective that links the statements according to time.
Connecting Ideas in a Paragraph
Click on the line that best completes the second blank.
Billie and Dora spent the afternoon getting the house ready for Ann’s going-away party. While Billie hung streamers and balloons from the ceiling, Dora was making a farewell sign. ________, the guests started to arrive.
Question 18 of 20
"Consequently" is used to show a result. In this case, ideas are linked according to time. Try again.
"In the meantime" is used to link ideas according to time. The room was being decorated at the same time the guests began arriving.
"Besides" is used to add ideas together. In this case, ideas are linked according to time. Try again.
"In a like manner" is used to compare ideas. In this case, ideas are linked according to time. Try again.
Find a connective that links the statements according to time.
Connecting Ideas in a Paragraph
Click on the line that best completes the first blank.
Samuel Johnson’s dictionary, published in 1755, was unlike any English dictionary produced before it. ________, Johnson’s dictionary was the first to use quotations from famous writers to illustrate the meaning of a word, ________ of merely supplying the word’s definition.
Question 19 of 20
"Even so" is used to contrast ideas. In this case, an example or illustration is given. Try again.
"For instance" is used to offer an example or illustration. The reader is given an example to show how Johnson’s dictionary was unique.
"Finally" is used to link ideas according to time. In this case, an example or illustration is given. Try again.
"Afterward" is used to link ideas according to time. In this case, an example or illustration is given. Try again.
Find a connective that tells the reader that an example or illustration will follow.
Connecting Ideas in a Paragraph
Click on the line that best completes the second blank.
Samuel Johnson’s dictionary, published in 1755, was unlike any English dictionary produced before it. For instance, Johnson’s dictionary was the first to use quotations from famous writers to illustrate the meaning of a word, ________ of merely supplying the word’s definition.
Question 20 of 20
"To this end" is used to express a purpose. In this case, ideas are being contrasted. Try again.
"That is" is used to repeat or emphasize an idea. In this case, ideas are being contrasted. Try again.
"Such as" is used to offer an illustration or example. In this case, ideas are being contrasted. Try again.
"Instead" is used to contrast ideas. Johnson’s dictionary differed from other dictionaries in the way it illustrated the meanings of words.
Find a connective that tells the reader that a difference or contrast will follow.
Connecting Ideas in a Paragraph